James Madison, 4th President of the United States

James Madison, fourth President of the United States James Madison (March 16, 1751â€June 28, 1836) filled in as Americas fourth president, exploring the nation through the War of 1812. Madison was known as the Father of the Constitution, for his job in its creation, and a man who served during a key time in the improvement of America.â Quick Facts: James Madison Known For: Americas fourth president and the Father of the ConstitutionBorn: March 16, 1751 in King George County, VirginiaParents: James Madison, Sr. furthermore, Eleanor Rose Conway (Nelly), m. September 15, 1749Died: June 28, 1836 in Montpelier, VirginiaEducation: Robertsons School, College of New Jersey (which would later become Prrinceton University)Spouse: Dolley Payne Todd (m. September 15, 1794)Children: One stepson, John Payne Todd Early Life James Madison was conceived on March 16, 1751, the oldest offspring of James Madison, Sr., an estate proprietor, and Eleanor Rose Conway (known as Nelly), the girl of a rich grower. He was conceived at his moms stepfathers manor on the Rappahannock River in King George County, Virginia, however the family before long moved to James Madison Sr.s ranch in Virginia. Montpelier, as the ranch would be named in 1780, would be Madison Jr.s home for a large portion of his life. Madison had six siblings and sisters: Francis (b. 1753), Ambrose (b. 1755), Nelly (b. 1760), William (b. 1762), Sarah (b. 1764), Elizabeth (b. 1768); the estate additionally held more than 100 oppressed people. The most punctual instruction of James Madison, Jr. was at home, presumably by his mom and grandma, and at a school situated on his dads ranch. In 1758, he started going to the Robertson School, run by Scottish guide Donald Robertson, where he contemplated English, Latin, Greek, French, and Italian, just as history, number-crunching, variable based math, geometry, and geology. Somewhere in the range of 1767 and 1769, Madison concentrated under the minister Thomas Martin, who was employed by the Madison family for that reason. Instruction Madison went to the College of New Jersey (which would become Princeton University in 1896) from 1769â€1771. He was a superb understudy and considered a scope of subjects, including speech, rationale, Latin, geology, and theory. Maybe more significantly, he made dear companionships at New Jersey, incorporated the American artist Philip Freneau, author Hugh Henry Brackenridge, legal advisor and government official Gunning Bedford Jr., and William Bradford, who might turn into the subsequent lawyer general under George Washington. Be that as it may, Madison developed sick in school, and remained in Princeton after he graduated until April 1772, when he got back. He was wiped out the greater part of his life, and current researchers accept he likely experienced epilepsy. Early Career Madison didnt have a work when he left school, yet he before long got keen on governmental issues, an intrigue maybe blended however in any event took care of by his proceeding with correspondence with William Bradford. The political circumstance in the nation more likely than not been elating: his enthusiasm for opportunity from Britain was solid. His first political arrangement was as an agent to the Virginia Convention (1776), and afterward he served in the Virginia House of Delegates multiple times (1776â€1777, 1784â€1786, 1799â€1800). While in the Virginia house, he worked with George Mason to compose Virginias constitution; he additionally met and built up a deep rooted companionship with Thomas Jefferson. Madison served on the Council of State in Virginia (1778â€1779) and afterward turned into an individual from the Continental Congress (1780â€1783). Father of the Constitution Madison initially required a Constitutional Convention in 1786, and when it was gathered in 1787 he composed the vast majority of the U.S. Constitution, which plot a solid government. When the Convention finished, he, John Jay, and Alexander Hamilton together composed the Federalist Papers, an assortment of expositions that were proposed to influence popular assessment to endorsing the new Constitution. Madison filled in as a U.S. Delegate from 1789â€1797. On September 15, 1794, Madison married Dolley Payne Todd,â a widow and socialite who set the example for the conduct of White House first women for a considerable length of time to come. She was a popular leader all through Jeffersons and Madisons time in office, holding friendly gatherings with the two sides of the Congress in participation. She and Madison had no youngsters, in spite of the fact that John Payne Todd (1792â€1852), Dolleys child from her first marriage, was raised by the couple; her child William had passed on in the 1793 yellow fever plague that executed her better half. Because of the Alien and Sedition Acts, in 1798 Madison drafted the Virginia Resolutions, a work that was hailed by enemies of federalists. He was secretary of state under President Thomas Jefferson from 1801â€1809. Ban Act and the Presidency By 1807, Madison and Jefferson got frightened at expanding writes about changes in Europe proposing that Britain would before long do battle with Napoleons France. The two forces pronounced war and requested that different countries expected to focus on a side. Since neither the Congress nor the organization were prepared for hard and fast war, Jefferson required a prompt ban on all American delivery. That, said Madison, would shield American vessels from practically certain seizure, and deny European countries of a required exchange that may constrain them to permit the U.S. to stay impartial. Passed on December 22, 1807, the Embargo Act would before long demonstrate disagreeable, a disagreeability that in the end prompted U.S. association in the War of 1812. In the 1808 political decision, Jefferson bolstered Madisons selection to run, and George Clinton was picked to be his VP. He ran against Charles Pinckney, who had contradicted Jefferson in 1804. Pinckneys battle revolved around Madisons job with the Embargo Act; by and by, Madison won 122 of the 175 constituent votes. Arranging Neutrality Right off the bat in 1808, Congress supplanted the Embargo Act with the Non-Intercourse Act, which permitted the U.S. to exchange with all countries aside from France and Great Britain in view of the assaults on American delivery by those two countries. Madison offered to exchange with either country on the off chance that it would quit bugging American boats. Notwithstanding, neither concurred. In 1810, Macons Bill No. 2 was passed, canceling the Non-Intercourse Act and supplanting that with a guarantee that whichever country would quit badgering American boats would be supported and the U.S. would quit exchanging with the other country. France consented to this and the British kept on halting American ships and intrigue mariners. By 1811, Madison effectively won the renomination for the Democratic-Republicans, regardless of being restricted by DeWitt Clinton. The crusades fundamental issue was the War of 1812, and Clinton endeavored to speak to both those for and against the war. Madison won with 128 out of 146 votes. War of 1812: Mr. Madisons War At the point when Madison began his subsequent organization, the British were still persuasively assaulting American boats, holding onto their payload, and intriguing their mariners. Madison requested that Congress announce war: yet support for it was a long way from consistent. The war, in some cases called the Second War for Independence (since it brought about the finish of U.S. financial reliance on Britain), pitted a scarcely arranged U.S. against the all around prepared power that was Great Britain. On June 18, 1812, Madison marked a statement of war against Great Britain, after Congress, without precedent for American history, casted a ballot to announce war against another country. Americas first fight was a catastrophe called the Surrender of Detroit: The British, drove by Major General Isaac Brock, and Native American partners, drove by the Shawnee head Tecumseh, assaulted the port city of Detroit on August 15â€16, 1812. U.S. Brigadier General William Hull gave up the town and stronghold, notwithstanding having a bigger armed force. America fared better on the oceans, and in the end retook Detroit. The British walked on Washington in 1814, and on August 23 they assaulted and consumed the White House. Dolley Madison broadly remained in the White House until she guaranteed that numerous national fortunes were spared. The New England Federalists met at the Hartford Convention in late 1814 to examine pulling out of the war, and there was even discuss severance at the show. Be that as it may, on December 24, 1814, the U.S. also, Great Britain consented to the Treaty of Ghent, which finished the battling yet settled none of the pre-war issues. Retirement After his presidential term in office finished, Madison resigned to his manor in Virginia. In any case, he despite everything remained associated with political talk. He spoke to his area at the Virginia Constitutional Convention (1829). He additionally opposed invalidation, the possibility that states could administer government laws unlawful. His Virginia Resolutions were frequently refered to as a point of reference for this however he had faith in the quality of the association most importantly. He played an influential position in the arrangement of the University of Virginia, particularly after Thomas Jeffersons passing in 1826. Madison was additionally a slave proprietor Montpelier had 118 slaves at a certain point who helped found the infamous American Colonization Society to help resettle liberated blacks in what might become Liberia, Africa. Demise In spite of the fact that Madison stayed energetic and dynamic during his initial retirement, starting after his 80th birthday celebration in 1829, he started to experience the ill effects of longer and longer spells of fever and stiffness. Inevitably he was kept to Montpelier, despite the fact that he kept working when he could through the winter of 1835â€1836. On June 27, 1836, he went through a few hours composing a card to say thanks to George Tucker, who had committed his life story of Thomas Jefferson to him. He kicked the bucket the following day. Inheritance James Madison was in power a